英语新闻丨特朗普威胁将向金砖国家征收关税

The United States appears to be taking a stand against developing countries looking for an alternative to the dollar, which some experts say could backfire.美国似乎正在采取反对发展中国家寻求美元替代品的立场，一些专家认为这可能会适得其反。On Saturday evening, US President-elect Donald Trump threatened to impose 100 percent tariffs on BRICS countries — which include China and Russia — that do not use the dollar as their reserve currency.11月30日晚，美国当选总统唐纳德·特朗普威胁要对不使用美元作为储备货币的金砖国家（包括中国和俄罗斯）征收100%的关税。"The idea that the BRICS countries are trying to move away from the dollar while we stand by and watch is OVER," he wrote on his Truth Social website, referring to the bloc that also includes Brazil, India and South Africa, and newer members Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.特朗普在他的“真实社交”网站上写道：“金砖国家正试图摆脱美元，我们不会对此袖手旁观。”他此番表态直指包括巴西、印度、南非，以及新成员埃及、埃塞俄比亚、伊朗、沙特阿拉伯和阿拉伯联合酋长国在内的金砖国家。"We require a commitment from these countries that they will neither create a new BRICS currency nor back any other currency to replace the mighty US dollar, or they will face 100 percent tariffs, and should expect to say goodbye to selling into the wonderful US economy," Trump added.特朗普补充说：“我们要求这些国家做出承诺，他们既不会创造新的金砖国家货币，也不会支持任何其他货币来取代强大的美元，否则他们将面临100%的关税，并且准备告别向美好的美国经济出售商品。”Last week, the president-elect said he would impose 25 percent tariffs on Canada and Mexico if they did not stem illegal immigration into the US, and would increase existing tariffs on China by 10 percent.上周，特朗普表示，如果加拿大和墨西哥不遏制非法移民进入美国，他将对这两个国家征收25%的关税，并将把对中国的现有关税提高10%。During his presidential campaign, Trump also floated 60 percent tariffs on all Chinese imports.在竞选总统期间，特朗普还提出对所有中国进口商品征收60%的关税。The Chinese embassy in Washington said on Nov 25 that China believes China-US economic and trade cooperation is "mutually beneficial in nature" and "no one will win a trade war or a tariff war".中国驻美国大使馆11月25日表示，中方认为中美经贸合作“本质是互利共赢”，“贸易战和关税战不会有赢家”。At a BRICS meeting in Kazan, Russia, last month, one of the main topics was a proposal by the host country of a payments messaging system called the "BRICS bridge "as an alternative to the Western-dominated SWIFT system, which was established in 1973 and is headquartered in Belgium.上个月在俄罗斯喀山举行的金砖国家领导人会晤中，主要议题之一是作为轮值主席国的俄罗斯提议建立一个名为“金砖之桥”的跨境支付体系，以替代西方主导的环球同业银行金融电讯协会系统（SWIFT）。环球同业银行金融电讯协会于1973年建立，总部设在比利时。Russian President Vladimir Putin, in a speech at the meeting, accused Western nations of "using the US dollar as a weapon" over his country's military conflict with Ukraine.俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京在会上发表讲话，指责西方国家在俄罗斯与乌克兰的军事冲突中“将美元作为武器”。"We are not rejecting or fighting the dollar. But if we are not given the chance to use it, what can we do? We are then forced to look for alternatives," Putin said.“我们不是拒绝美元，也不是反对美元。但如果我们没有使用美元的机会，我们能做什么呢？我们不得不寻找替代品。”普京说。Chen Qi, a professor at the Institute of International Relations at Tsinghua University in Beijing, told the Financial Times of London: "Non-Western emerging countries like China, Russia, India, or other countries, even Saudi Arabia, have the same kind of concerns about possibly one day being ousted by the United States from the SWIFT system. So if this substitute payment system comes out in the future, that would be welcomed by these (BRICS) countries."清华大学国际关系学院教授陈琪告诉英国《金融时报》：“非西方的新兴国家，如中国、俄罗斯、印度或其他国家，甚至是沙特阿拉伯，都有同样的担忧，担心有一天会被美国赶出SWIFT系统。因此，如果未来出现了这种替代支付系统，这些（金砖）国家将表示欢迎。”Ajay Srivastava, founder of the Global Trade Research Initiative in India, told the Times of India: "The US has a history of leveraging its influence over global financial systems, such as the SWIFT network, to impose unilateral sanctions. SWIFT — the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication — is essential for secure and standardized international financial transactions.印度全球贸易研究倡议组织创始人阿贾伊·斯里瓦斯塔瓦告诉《印度时报》：“美国利用其对全球金融系统（如SWIFT网络）的影响力实施单边制裁的历史由来已久。环球银行金融电讯协会（SWIFT）对于安全和标准化的国际金融交易至关重要。”"By blocking countries like Russia and Iran from accessing SWIFT, the US has effectively weaponized the global financial infrastructure, forcing other nations to find alternative payment mechanisms to continue legitimate trade."“通过阻止俄罗斯和伊朗等国使用SWIFT，美国实际上已经将全球金融基础设施武器化，迫使其他国家寻找替代支付机制来继续合法贸易。”Srivastava said "Trump's threat is unrealistic".斯里瓦斯塔瓦表示，“特朗普的威胁不切实际”。"Tariffs of this scale would harm US consumers by raising domestic prices, disrupt global trade, and risk retaliation from key trading partners," he said. "A global shift away from (the) dollar is a complex process driven by economic diversification, not easily deterred by threats."“如此大规模的关税会提高国内物价，损害美国消费者的利益，扰乱全球贸易，并有可能遭到主要贸易伙伴的报复。”斯里瓦斯塔瓦说，“全球去美元化是一个由经济多样化驱动的复杂过程，不会轻易因威胁而停止。”Michael Pettis, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, wrote on X: "The US cannot both reduce its trade deficit and increase the global dominance of USD because these impose diametrically opposed conditions.卡内基国际和平基金会高级研究员迈克尔·佩蒂斯在社交平台X上写道：“美国不可能既减少贸易赤字又提高美元在全球的主导地位，因为这两者影响了截然相反的情况。”"Reducing the trade deficit would benefit American businesses, workers and middle-class savers. Increasing USD dominance would benefit Wall Street and the sanctioning power of the US government. The US must decide which constituency is more important."“减少贸易赤字将有利于美国企业、工人和中产阶级储蓄者。提高美美元的主导地位将有利于华尔街和美国政府的制裁力量。美国必须决定哪个部分更重要。”In another post on X, AI Day Trading, a stock-trading service, wrote that the tariff threat could backfire: "The US has a $433.5 billion trade deficit with BRICS. None of the BRICS partners or candidate nations (more than 50 countries in total) have significant trade deficits with the US, with Vietnam posting a $104.62 billion surplus in 2023.股票交易服务公司AI Day Trading在社交平台X上写道，关税威胁可能会适得其反：“美国与金砖国家的贸易逆差高达4335亿美元。而金砖国家成员或其候选国（共50多个国家）中没有一个与美国有重大贸易逆差，越南在2023年的顺差为1046.2亿美元。”"The US depends on BRICS for a wide range of physical goods, from machinery and pharmaceuticals to rare earth minerals, with the bloc accounting for 40 percent to 70 percent of production in these sectors."“美国依赖金砖国家提供机械、药品、稀土矿物等各种实物商品，而金砖国家占据了这些行业生产的40%-70%。”backfirev. 产生事与愿违的不良（或危险）后果，适得其反diametricallyadv. 完全地；作为直径地trade deficit贸易逆差；贸易赤字tariff war关税战